There are many speculations that fast charging hurts the battery, but preliminary results in regard to 240W charging shows that the cooling technologies and management systems are able to handle it and doesn’t impose additional wear on the battery. There are no comprehensive independent studies on this as far as I know, and Chinese companies are improving the tech all the time, as evidenced by 300W tech recently and now 320W.

And the phones don’t charge at full speed all the time, management systems regulate it and the last few % are always delivered at low W.