I’ll go against the grain here not because I disagree, but for sake of discussion. I think it’s mostly innate. Why? Well my father is a clinically diagnosed sociopath currently running from country to country after he’s done something reprehensible. Growing up with that man, there is no fucking way you can teach or cultivate kindness in him.

And no sociopathy is not something that should be romanticized like it has in podcasts, he has destroyed and harmed so many people it’s unbelievable that people like him can stand to look in a mirror. Anyways mostly innate lol