These things are what push people over the top when “working hard” is something most people already do. Successful people with contribution bias discount the luck factor that is truly responsible for putting them where they are. I would argue that anyone who even halfway puts an effort in, but with a substantial starting position, is more likely to succeed than to fail.

It’s like Michelle Obama said, “I have been at probably every powerful table that you can think of, I have worked at nonprofits, I have been at foundations, I have worked in corporations, served on corporate boards, I have been at G-summits, I have sat in at the U.N.: They are not that smart.”